1999. évi CI. törvény
az 1994. január 1. és 1994. december 31. között Ruanda területén elkövetett népirtásért és a nemzetközi humanitárius jog egyéb súlyos megsértéséért felelős személyek, valamint a szomszédos államok területén elkövetett népirtásért és egyéb hasonló jogsértésekért felelős ruandai állampolgárok megbüntetésére létrejött Nemzetközi Büntetőtörvényszék Alapokmányából fakadó kötelezettségek végrehajtásáról1
Az Országgyűlés az Egyesült Nemzetek Biztonsági Tanácsa 955. (1994.) számú határozatával az 1994. január 1. és 1994. december 31. között Ruanda területén elkövetett népirtásért és a nemzetközi humanitárius jog egyéb súlyos megsértéséért felelős személyek, valamint a szomszédos államok területén elkövetett népirtásért és egyéb hasonló jogsértésekért felelős ruandai állampolgárok megbüntetésére létrejött Nemzetközi Büntetőtörvényszék (a továbbiakban: Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék) Alapokmányából fakadó kötelezettségek végrehajtásáról az alábbi törvényt alkotja:
1. § (1) Az Alapokmány 2-4. Cikkeiben felsorolt bűncselekmények miatt Magyarországon folyó büntetőeljárást a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék megkeresésére fel kell függeszteni; a megkeresést követően ilyen ügyben eljárás nem indítható.
(2) A felfüggesztett büntetőeljárás csak akkor folytatható, illetőleg az eljárás csak akkor indítható meg, ha
a) a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék joghatóságának hiányát megállapította;
b) a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék főügyésze nem emelt vádat;
c) a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék eljáró tanácsa a főügyész vádindítványát elutasította.
(3) Ha a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék jogerős ítéletet hozott, ugyanazon személy ellen, ugyanazon cselekmény miatt Magyarországon nem indítható büntetőeljárás, a folyamatban lévő, ideértve az (1) bekezdés alapján felfüggesztett büntetőeljárást, meg kell szüntetni.
2. § (1) A Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék megkereséseit a legfőbb ügyész fogadja és teljesíti. Ennek során az eljárásra a nemzetközi bűnügyi jogsegélyről szóló 1996. évi XXXVIII. törvény rendelkezéseit értelemszerűen alkalmazni kell, ha a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszék Alapokmányából más nem következik.
(2) A megkeresés teljesítéséről vagy annak akadályairól a legfőbb ügyész értesíti a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszéket.
3. § Az Alapokmány eredeti angol nyelvű szövegét és hivatalos magyar nyelvű fordítását a melléklet tartalmazza.
4. § Az e törvény alkalmazásával Magyarországon felmerült költségeket az állam viseli.
5. § Ez a törvény a kihirdetését követő hónap 15. napján lép hatályba, rendelkezéseit azonban a Ruandai Nemzetközi Törvényszéknek a törvény hatálybalépése napjáig megküldött megkeresések teljesítésére is alkalmazni kell.
Melléklet az 1999. évi CI. törvényhez
Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
Having been established by the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994 (hereinafter referred to as the International Tribunal for Rwanda) shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 1
Competence of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994, in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 2
Genocide
1. The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons committing genocide as defined in paragraph 2 of this article or of committing any of the other acts enumerated in paragraph 3 of this article.
2. Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
a) Killing members of the group;
b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
3. The following acts shall be punishable:
a) Genocide;
b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;
c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
d) Attempt to commit genocide;
e) Complicity in genocide.
Article 3
Crimes against Humanity
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for the following crimes when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against any civilian population on national, political, ethnic, racial or religious grounds:
a) Murder;
b) Extermination;
c) Enslavement;
d) Deportation;
e) Imprisonment;
f) Torture;
g) Rape;
h) Persecutions on political, racial and religious grounds;
i) Other inhumane acts.
Article 4
Violations of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons committing or ordering to be committed serious violations of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims, and of Additional Protocol II thereto of 8 June 1977. These violations shall include, but shall not be limited to:
a) violence to life, health and physical or mental well-being of persons, in particular murder as well as cruel treatment such as torture, mutilation or any form of corporal punishment;
b) collective punishments;
c) taking of hostages;
d) acts of terrorism;
e) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment, rape, enforced prostitution and any form of indecent assault;
f) pillage;
g) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgement pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognised as indispensable by civilised peoples;
h) threats to commit any of the foregoing acts.
Article 5
Personal jurisdiction
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have jurisdiction over natural persons pursuant to the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 6
Individual Criminal Responsibility
1. A person who planned, instigated, ordered, committed or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation or execution of a crime referred to in articles 2 to 4 of the present Statute, shall be individually responsible for the crime.
2. The official position of any accused person, whether as Head of State or Government or as a responsible Government official, shall not relieve such person of criminal responsibility nor mitigate punishment.
3. The fact that any of the acts referred to in articles 2 to 4 of the present Statute was committed by a subordinate does not relieve his or her superior of criminal responsibility if he or she knew or had reason to know that the subordinate was about to commit such acts or had done so and the superior failed to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such acts or to punish the perpetrators thereof.
4. The fact that an accused person acted pursuant to an order of a Government or of a superior shall not relieve him or her of criminal responsibility, but may be considered in mitigation of punishment if the International Tribunal for Rwanda determines that justice so requires.
Article 7
Territorial and temporal jurisdiction
The territorial jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall extend to the territory of Rwanda including its land surface and airspace as well as to the territory of neighbouring States in respect of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed by Rwandan citizens. The temporal jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall extend to a period beginning on 1 January 1994 and ending on 31 December 1994.
Article 8
Concurrent jurisdiction
1. The International Tribunal for Rwanda and national courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction to prosecute persons for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens for such violations committed in the territory of the neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994.
2. The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the primacy over the national courts of all States. At any stage of the procedure, the International Tribunal for Rwanda may formally request national courts to defer to its competence in accordance with the present Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
Article 9
Non bis in idem
1. No person shall be tried before a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law under the present Statute, for which he or she has already been tried by the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
2. A person who has been tried before a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law may be subsequently tried by the International Tribunal for Rwanda only if:
a) the act for which he or she was tried was characterised as an ordinary crime; or
b) the national court proceedings were not impartial or independent, were designed to shield the accused from international criminal responsibility, or the case was not diligently prosecuted.
3. In considering the penalty to be imposed on a person convicted of a crime under the present Statute, the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall take into account the extent to which any penalty imposed by a national court on the same person for the same act has already been served.
Article 10
Organisation of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall consist of the following organs:
a) the Chambers, comprising three Trial Chambers and an Appeals Chamber;
b) the Prosecutor;
c) a Registry.
Article 11
Composition of the Chambers
The Chambers shall be composed of fourteen independent judges, no two of whom may be nationals of the same State, who shall serve as follows:
a) three judges shall serve in each of the Trial Chambers;
b) five judges shall serve in the Appeals Chamber.
Article 12
Qualification and election of judges
1. The judges shall be persons of high moral character, impartiality and integrity who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices. In the overall composition of the Chambers due account shall be taken of the experience of the judges in criminal law, international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law.
2. The members of the Appeals Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991 (hereinafter referred to as the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia) shall also serve as the members of the Appeals Chamber of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
3. The judges of the Trial Chambers of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall be elected by the General Assembly from a list submitted by the Security Council, in the following manner:
a) The Secretary-General shall invite nominations for judges of the Trial Chambers from States Members of the United Nations and non-member States maintaining permanent observer missions at the United Nations Headquarters.
b) Within thirty days of the date of the invitation of the Secretary-General, each State may nominate up to two candidates meeting the qualifications set out in paragraph 1 above, no two of whom shall be of the same nationality and neither of whom shall be one of the same nationality as any judge on the Appeals Chamber.
c) The Secretary-General shall forward the nominations received to the Security Council. From the nominations received the Security Council shall establish a list of not less that eighteen and not more that twenty-seven candidates, taking due account of adequate representation on the International Tribunal for Rwanda of the principal legal systems of the world.
d) The President of the Security Council shall transmit the list of candidates to the President of the General Assembly. From that list the General Assembly shall elect the nine judges of the Trial Chambers. The candidates who receive an absolute majority of the votes of the States Members of the United Nations and of the non-member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations headquarters, shall be declared elected. Should two candidates of the same nationality obtain the required majority vote, the one who received the higher number of votes shall be considered elected.
4. In the event of a vacancy in the Trial Chambers, after consultation with the Presidents of the Security Council and of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General shall appoint a person meeting the qualifications of paragraph 1 above, for the remainder of the term of office concerned.